BURN FIRST AID IN ENGLISH
watch my youtube video to understand this topic in easy way-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWtQ8iEdSHo
FIRST AID IN BURN-
Ø Burn is defined as a skin
injury caused by heat. Causes of Burn may be classified as following-
Ø Dry heat burn
Ø Scalds ( wet heat burn)
Ø Electric burn
Ø Chemical burn
Ø Radiation burn
Ø Dry heat burn-Dry heat burn includes
Ø ■ burn by Flames
Ø ■ Contact with hot objects,
such as domestic appliances or cigarettes
Ø ■ Friction – for example,
rope burns
Ø Scalds ( wet heat burn)-Wet heat burn includes burn injury
by steam or hot liquids such as tea, coffee, milk, boiling water etc.
Ø Electric burn-Electric burn includes
Ø Low-voltage current, as
used by domestic appliances
Ø High-voltage currents, as
carried in mains overhead cables
Ø Lightning strikes
Ø Chemical burn- Chemical burn includes burn injury by-
Ø Industrial chemicals,
including inhaled fumes and corrosive gases
Ø Domestic chemicals and
agents, such as paint stripper, caustic soda, weed killers, bleach or any other
strong acid or alkali chemical
Ø Radiation burn-Radiation burn includes-
Ø Sunburn
Ø Over-exposure to
ultraviolet rays from a sunlamp
Ø Exposure to a radioactive
source, such as an X-ray
SEVERITY OF BURN-
Ø Severity of Burn is
assessed under to criterions, depth of burn and extent of burn.
Ø Depth of burn- As per depth of burn,
burn injury is classified as
Ø Superficial burn and
Ø Deep burn.
Ø SUPERFICIAL BURN- In this
type of burn only outer layer of skin (epidermis) is burnt. This condition is
very painful. This is also known as first degree burn.
Ø Sign and symptoms of
superficial burn includes redness, tenderness and swelling.
Ø DEEP BURN-In this type of
burn epidermis and dermis both are burnt. This condition is less painful or
some times painless due to burning of nerve endings. Deep burn is further
classified as
Ø Partial thickness burns - In this type of burn both
layers of skin are burnt. It is also known as Second degree burn. Blisters are
formed and is less painful than first degree burn.
Ø Full thickness burns- In this type of burn both layers of skin are
burnt along with subcutaneous tissues. Some times bones and muscles are also
affected It is also known as Third degree burn. This condition is usually
painless as nerve endings are destroyed.
Ø Extent of burn-Extent of burn is
determined by total body surface area affected by burn in percentage. It is
assessed by Rule of 9 as shown in the TABLE
Ø
FIRST AID IN DRY BURN-
Ø Remove the victim from the
source and put off burning flames by wrapping the part in thick sheets.
Ø Start cooling the injury
as soon as possible. Flood the burn with plenty of cold water.
Ø Help the casualty to sit or lie down.
Ø If possible, try to
prevent the burnt area from coming into contact with the ground to keep the
burn as clean as possible.
Ø Do not touch or otherwise
interfere with the burn. Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes and
burnt or smouldering clothing before the tissues begin to swell.
Ø Do not remove any clothing
that is stuck to the burnt body part.
Ø Reassure the casualty and
treat him for shock if necessary. Monitor and record breathing, pulse and level
of response while waiting for help to arrive.
Ø Cover the area with
sterile or clean clothing and transfer the victim to the hospital as early as
possible.
FIRST AID IN WET BURN OR SCALDS-
Ø Cool down the injured part
with cold water for at least ten minutes or until the pain is relieved.
Ø Gently remove any
jewellery, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before
it begins to swell.
Ø Do not remove any clothing
that is stuck to the burnt body part.
Ø Reassure the casualty and
treat him for shock if necessary. Monitor and record breathing, pulse and level of response while
waiting for help to arrive.
Ø Cover the area with
sterile or clean clothing and transfer the victim to the hospital as early as
possible. Do not try to burst blisters.
FIRST AID IN ELECTRIC BURN-
Ø Make sure that contact
with the electrical source is broken or main switch is off before you touch the
casualty.
Ø Cool down the injury with
cold water (at the entry and exit points if both are present) for at least 10
minutes or until pain is relieved.
Ø Reassure the casualty and
treat him for shock if necessary. Monitor and record breathing, pulse and level of response while
waiting for help to arrive.
Ø Cover the area with
sterile or clean clothing and transfer the victim to the hospital as early as
possible.
FIRST AID IN CHEMICAL BURN-
Ø Wear protective gloves to
prevent you from coming into contact with the chemical
Ø Remove the chemical by
flushing the injured part with cold running water for at least twenty minutes .
Ø Pour water away from
yourself to avoid splashes.
Ø Gently remove any
contaminated clothing while flooding the injury.
Ø Reassure the casualty and
treat him for shock if necessary. Monitor and record breathing, pulse and level of response while
waiting for help to arrive. Pass on details of the chemical to medical staff if
you can identify it.
