Immunization
Programme in India was introduced in 1978
as ‘Expanded Programme of Immunization’ (EPI) by the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, Government of India. In 1985, the programme was modified as
‘Universal Immunization Programme’ (UIP) to be implemented in phased manner to
cover all districts in the country by 1989-90 with the one of largest health
programme in the world.
Objective
Objective of this
program is to prevent children from
vaccine preventable diseases by 100 percent coverage .
Strategy and policy:
Activities under this
program are directed towards achieving an acceptable, affordable and
sustainable standard of health through an appropriate health system. Provision
of universal immunization of children against vaccine preventable diseases is
one of the major goals under this policy. Country’s five year plan also puts
emphasis on reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates as major maternal
and child health indicators.
Maintenance of cold
chain is very important component of this program. Cold Chain is a system of
storing and transporting vaccine at the recommended temperature range from the
point of manufacture to point of use. India has built a vast cold chain
infrastructure to ensure that only potent and effective vaccines reach millions
of beneficiaries across the country
Another important
activity is safe injection practice. To ensure safe injection practices,
Government of India endeavours to ensure continuous supply of injection safety
equipments (AD syringes, reconstitution syringes, hub cutters and waste
disposal bags). Trainings are conducted and supported by job-aids, on job
training (supportive supervision).
Next activity is AEFI
surveillance- AEFI surveillance monitors immunization safety, detects and
responds to adverse events following immunization; corrects unsafe immunization
practices, reduces the negative impact of the event on health and contributes
to the quality of immunization activities.
Strategic Communication
refers to policy-making and guidance for consistent information activity
through coherent messaging. The issue of media advocacy, proactive planning and
effective media response is emerging as one of the key elements of strategic
communication support to achieving full Routine Immunization coverage in the
country.
Training of vaccinators
and cold chain handlers is also an important activity under this program.
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