FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAM
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The National Filaria Control Programme
The disease filariasis is
caused by the nematode worm, either Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi and
is transmitted by mosquito species Culex and Mansonia respectively.
The National Filaria Control
Programme (NFCP) was launched in the country in 1955, with the objective of
delimiting the problem, to undertake control measures in endemic areas and to
train personnel to manage the programme.
The main control measures
were mass DEC (diethylcarbamazine) administration, antilarval
measures in urban areas and indoor residual spray in rural areas. NFCP was
assessed in 1960 which revealed the failure of mass DEC administration due to
community non-cooperation and ineffectiveness of insecticidal indoor spray due
to high resistance in the vector. The programme was withdrawn from rural areas
while in urban areas, antilarval measures continued to be the main control
method.
The Assessment Committee in 1982 recommended
extension of NFCP to rural areas through primary health care system with 100%
central assistance for material & equipment, undertaking DEC medicated salt
regimen in high endemic districts and control of filariasis.
Revised program was launched
in 1996-97 in 13 districts in seven endemic states namely Andhra Pradesh,
Bihar, Kerala, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, where MDA was
undertaken. The main strategy comprises of single day mass therapy (DEC) at a
dose of 6 mg/kg body wt annually, management of acute and chronic filariasis through
referral services at selective centres and information education communication
(IEC) for inculcating individual/community based protective and preventive
measures for filaria control.
Activities
under the program
Initially the activities were mainly confined
to urban areas. later it was extended to rural areas . main activites includes
1. A single
day mass DEC treatment at a dose of 6 mg per kg body weight once a year.
2. Vector Control through
anti-mosquito spray and appropriate larvicides;
3. Biological control through larvivorous
fishes;
4. Enviromental hygiene through source
reduction and water management;
5. Organizing special clinics for filarial
patients for effective treatmen t.
6. Anti-parasitic measures through diagnosis
and "treatment of microfilaria carriers and cases; and
7. Information, Education, and Communication
to generate community awareness.
Later in 2003 the programme was merged
with national vector born disease control programme.
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