National Malaria Control Programme.
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In 1953, the Government of
India launched the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) with a focus on
indoor residual spraying of DDT. Within five years, the program helped to
dramatically reduce the annual incidence of malaria. Encouraged by this, a more
ambitious National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) was launched in 1958.
This further reduced the number of malaria cases and eliminated deaths from the
disease. After 1967, however, a sense of complacency, combined with the
mosquito’s resistance to insecticides and the parasite’s growing resistance to
antimalarial drugs, led to a resurgence of the disease countrywide.
Between 1997 and 2005, a
Malaria Control Project was implemented in select states and districts. The
project supported the government’s shift from trying to control the mosquito to
the prevention, early detection and treatment of human cases. While indoor residual spraying was
to be more targeted and employ more environmentally neutral options, the use
of larvivorous fish and bio-larvicides was encouraged, and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets was increased. The project also supported a shift in
approach from the earlier command - and - control approach for malaria control
to one that emphasized community involvement and ownership.
The other activities under this program was to detect cases and to
provide early treatment. the detection of malaria cases which is known as
Malaria surveillance is of two types .
1. active surveillance
2. passive surveillance
in active surveillance Malaria workers use to go house to house
end collect information about fever and collect blood slides for detection of
malaria they also so used to distribute antimalarial drugs to the positive
cases as well as for profylaxis .
Passive surveillance means detection of cases on OPD basis at PHC
sub centres or other hospitals.
1999 the Government of India decided to to change the name of this
program as national anti Malaria programme. Later in 2003 the programme was
merged with national vector born disease control programme.
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