ASTHMA IN CHILDREN- ENGLISH
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ASTHMA IN CHILDREN-
Asthma is a disease of lungs in which there is
obstruction of airway. This obstruction may be due to spasm of bronchial
muscles , edema of mucosa or increased secretions in the bronchial tree.
CAUSES OF ASTHMA-
Ø
Airway infections. This
includes colds, pneumonia, and sinus infections.
Ø
Allergens. The child might be allergic to things
like cockroaches, dust mites, mold, pet dander, and pollen.
Ø
Irritants. Things like air pollution, chemicals,
cold air, odors, or smoke can affect child’s airways.
Ø
Exercise. It can lead to wheezing, coughing, and
a tight chest.
Ø
Psychological Stress. It can make
your child short of breath and worsen their symptoms.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF
ASTHMA-
Not
all children have the same asthma symptoms. A child may even have
different symptoms from one episode to the next. Signs and symptoms of asthma
in children include:
Ø
A cough
that doesn’t go away (which may be the only symptom)
Ø
Coughing
spells that happen often, especially during play or exercise, at night, in
cold air, or while laughing or crying
Ø
A
cough that gets worse after a viral infection.
Ø
Less
energy during play, and stopping to catch his breath during activities
Ø
Avoiding
sports or social activities
Ø
Trouble
sleeping because of coughing or breathing problems
Ø
Rapid breathing
Ø
Chest
tightness or pain
Ø
Wheezing,
a whistling sound when breathing in or out.
Ø
Seesaw
motions in their chest (retractions)
Ø
Shortness
of breath
Ø
Tight
neck and chest muscles
Ø
Feeling
weak or tired
Ø
Trouble
eating, or grunting while eating (in infants)
DIGNOSTIC
INVESTIGATIONS-
q
Physical
examination-auscultaion of chest.
q
Complete
blood count.
q
Nasal
swab culture.
q
Pulmonary
function test.
q
ABG
Analysis.
q
Chest
X-ray.
TREATMENT-
Ø
Avoiding
triggers, using medications, and keeping an eye on daily symptoms are the
best ways to control asthma in children of all ages.
Ø
The
suspected stimulus should be removed, such as allergen, irritants, exercise or
emotional stress.
Ø
Desensitization
may help to buildup resistance to allergens
Ø
There
are two main types of asthma medications:
Ø
Quick-relief medications- help with sudden
symptoms. The child will take them for fast help during an asthma attack.
Ø
Long-acting medications- prevent airway
inflammation and keep asthma under
control. The child will probably take them every day.
Ø
Based
on the child's history, their doctor will come up with an asthma action
plan and give you a copy of it. This plan describes when and how they
should use asthma drugs, what to do when asthma gets worse, and when to seek
emergency care.
Ø
Child
may be given antibiotics if the of asthma is bacterial infection.
NURSING MANAGEMENT-
Ø
-Observation
of respiratory status is very important nursing care in asthma.
Ø
-Breathing
pattern should be noted for retractions,
nasal flaring use of accessory muscles etc.
Ø
-
The level of anxiety children and parents must be noted and informed to
pediatrician.
Ø
All
the medications and
Nebulization should
be given on time.
Ø
-
The baby is observed for cyanosis if it occur head end of the bed should be
raised and inform to pediatrician.
Ø
-
Oxygen inhalation may be prescribed and should be administered as per
recommendation .
Ø
Provide
psychological support to parents to reduce anxiety.
Ø
-
Signs and symptoms of dehydration should be noted and iv fluids may be given to
correct it .
Ø
-
Personal hygiene should be maintained with clean technique.
Ø
Regular
diet should be given so that nutritional status is maintained.
Ø
Breathing exercises and habits should be
explained and encouraged to follow asthma action plan.
Ø
Other Nursing interventions – includes all nursing
care of hospitalized child that we have discussed in previous lecture under
heading Nursing care of hospitalized child in the lecture “Child Health
Nursing”.
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