COMMUNITY-
·
Community is
defined as a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific
locality, share common characteristics or interests, and often have a common
cultural and historical heritage. Community is a group of interacting
population of various kinds of individuals in a common location. The size of
community is not defined.
HEALTH-
·
According to WHO
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Health is dynamic and ranges from
optimum health to death.
COMMUNITY HEALTH-
·
Community health
focuses on the physical and mental well-being of the people in a specific
geographic area. This is important subsection of public health which includes
initiatives to help community members maintain and improve their health,
prevent the spread of infectious diseases and prepare for natural disasters.
NURSING-
·
Nursing is
autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups,
and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and
dying people.
COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING-
·
Community Nursing
Service or public health nursing is a branch of nursing which cares outside
hospitals. In this field services are community based and primarily are
preventive and promotive in nature. These services are provided by Auxillary
Nurse Midwives (ANM), Lady health visitors (LHV), Public Health Nurses, Public
health Nursing officers, community health officers.
·
American Nurses Association defines community
health nursing as "the practice of promoting and protecting the health of
populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health
sciences".
OBJECTIVES
OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-
·
The primary
purpose of community health nursing is to assess the health needs of individual
family and community and to provide comprehensive nursing services in order to
help them attain maintain or regain high level of wellness and to prevent
illness. Other goals includes-
·
Health
Promotion- Promotion of health is
recognized as one of the most important goal of public health and community
health practice. Health promotion includes all efforts that seek to move people
closer to optimal wellbeing or higher levels of wellness.
Health
promotion programs and activities include many forms of health education—for
example, teaching the dangers of drug use, demonstrating healthful practices
such as regular exercise, and eating healthy diet.
·
Prevention of
illness- Prevention of health problems constitutes a
major part of community health practice. Prevention means anticipating and
averting problems. It is practiced on
levels of prevention community health such as primordial prevention,
primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention
·
Health
maintenance- maintenance of health involves the continuous
assessment of individual family and community to ensure that they continue to
function at the same level. Community health nurse ensures that family and
community works towards maintenance of their own health.
·
Restoration of
Health- community health nursing aims at returning to
an optimum state of health and functioning. Community health nurse ensures that
the individual cope with the health and illness situations and return to
original state of functioning as soon as possible. Family and community also
help him in this process.
·
PRINCIPLES
OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-
·
Community health
nursing is based on recognized needs of the community or community need
assessment.
·
Community health
nursing services are available to the entire community regardless of age, sex,
class, caste or political affiliation.
·
CHN considers the
family as the unit of service. Its level of functioning is influenced by
the degree to which it can deal with its own problems.
·
Respect for the
values, customs and beliefs of the clients contribute to the effectiveness
of care to the client.
·
CHN integrated
health education and counseling as vital tools to improve the people’s health
and prevention of illness.
·
Collaborative
work relationships with the co-workers and members of the health team
facilities accomplishments of goals of community health nursing.
·
Recipients of
health care should participate in planning
the health services for their own health which is known as community
participation.
·
Periodic and
continuing evaluation provides the means for assessing the degree to which CHN
goals and objectives are being attained.
·
Utilization of
indigenous and existing community resources maximizing the success of the
efforts of the Community Health Nurses.
·
Supervision of
nursing services by qualified by CHN personnel provides guidance and direction
to the work to be done
·
Continuing staff education program quality
services to client and are essential to upgrade and maintain sound nursing
practices in their setting.
·
Accurate
recording and reporting serve as the basis for evaluation of the progress of
planned programs and activities and as a guide for the future actions
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