FEVER IN ENGLISH
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FEVER-
} Fever or pyrexia is defined as a rise in body temperature above 98.6 degree Fahrenheit. Fever is not a disease but it is a sign. Fever is a protective function of the body as rise in temperature prevents growth of pathogens.
CAUSES-
} Fever is caused by inflammatory process of infection, surgical trauma, heat stroke from exposure to hot environments, allergic reactions to foreign proteins etc.
TYPES OF FEVER-
} Fever or pyrexia is classified in many types depending upon pattern and level of temperature.
} Onset -onset of fever or invasion of fever is the time period when the body temperature starts rising and increasing continuously.
} Fastigium –fastigium or stadium of fever is a stage of fever where temperature reaches to maximum body temperature in a fever episode and remain constant at high level.
} Decline – decline of fever is a stage of fever when body temperature starts declining and reaches to normal.
} Crisis – when body temperature return to normal suddenly it is termed as crisis
} True crisis– when body temperature return to normal suddenly with improvement in patient’s general condition it is known as true crisis
} False crisis – when body temperature return to normal suddenly without improvement in patient’s general condition it is known as false crisis
} Lysis– when body temperature return to normal slowly in zig zag manner in 2-3 days , it is termed as lysis
} Constant fever– when body temperature fluctuates not more than two degree bewteen morning and evening but does not return to normal it is known as constant fever.
} Remittent fever– when body temperature fluctuates more than two degree between morning and evening but does not return to normal it is known as constant fever.
} Intermittent fever– when body temperature rises from normal to high and back to normal at regular intervals.
} Inverse fever– when body temperature is highest in the morning and lowest in the evening it is known as inverse fever.
} Hectic fever– when the difference between high and low point of body temperature is very high than it is called as hectic fever
} Relapsing fever– when body temperature becomes normal for 2-3 days than suddenly increases again than it is known as relapsing fever.
} Low pyrexia– when the body temperature does not rise up to 100 degree fahrenheit than it is called as low pyrexia.
} Moderate pyrexia– when the body temperature remains between 100 to 103 degree fahrenheit than it is called as moderate pyrexia.
} High pyrexia– when the body temperature does not rise above 103-105 degree fahrenheit than it is called as high pyrexia.
} hyperpyrexia– when the body temperature rises above 105 degree fahrenheit than it is called as hyperpyrexia or hyperthermia.
} hypothermia– when the body temperature falls bellow 95 degree fahrenheit than it is called as hypothermia
MANAGEMENT OF FEVER-
} First of all body temperature should be checked and recorded in patient’s record.
} In case of low pyrexia the room temperature adjustment may be sufficient. The room should be well ventilated.
} Electric fan may be switched on for ventilation.
} Cool drinks may be give to the patient to drink
} Apply cold compress and ice packs to reduce body temperature
} Hypothermic blankets or mattresses may also be used
} Antipyretic drugs are administered as per physician’s order.
} Provide plenty of fluid to increase hydration of the client.
} The patient is encouraged to visit a physician to diagnose underlying cause of fever.
} If the patient is in hospital than physician should be informed and TPR charting should be done.
} Provide soft diet to maintain nutrition.
} To ensure adequate rest and sleep maintain a calm and quiet environment.
} Help the patient to change position frequently to prevent skin breakdown.
} Ask the patient to wear cotton garments if possible as they will absorb seat and enhance comfort.
} Encourage the patient oral hygiene to prevent dryness of the mouth, and lips.
} After oral hygiene apply emollients or cream on lips to prevent cracks.
} Sponge bath is given daily to keep the client clean and fresh.
} Never leave the patient of high fever alone because rigor or convulsions may start any time.
} Try to reduce body temperature by more frequent cold sponging because continuous high fever may damage brain cells.
} If shivering (rigor) starts, cover the client with blanket and apply warmth using hot water bottle
} Cold compress is given on forehead to relieve congestion and headache at this stage.
} Temperature is carefully monitored every 15 minutes till it comes to normal
} Patient may have sweating after rigor. Provide clean clothes to the client and help him to keep the skin dry.
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