PERTUSSIS IN ENGLISH
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PERTUSSIS-
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It is an acute
bacterial infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis
. It is also known as whooping cough due to a characteristic sound produced
during coughing.
CAUSATIVE AGENT-
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Pertussis is caused
by Bordetella pertussis. It is aa gram negative bacteria. The bacteria
survives only for very short periods outside the human body.
HOW IT SPREADS-
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Source of infection
of pertussis is a patient of pertussis and mode of transmission is droplet
infection and direct contact. Incubation period is 7 – 14 days.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS-
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pertussisproduces a
local infection and causes inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa leading to
secondary bacterial invasion. Based on sign and symptoms pertussis have 3
stages-
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(a) catarrhal stage-
This stage is characterized by common cold like symptoms such as lacrimation,
sneezing, coryza, anorexia, malaise and mild cough. This stage lasts up to 10
days
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(b) paroxysmal
stage- paroxysmal stage is characterized by bursts of rapid, consecutive coughs
followed by a deep, high-pitched inspiration (whoop). It is usually followed by
vomiting. In young infants it may cause cyanosis and apnoea. This stage lasts
up to 2-4 weeks
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(c) convalescent
stage- This stage begins approximately 4 weeks after onset of disease and lasts
for 1-2 weeks. Slow recovery starts in this phase. Episodes of coughing becomes
less frequent in this stage.
COMPLICATIONS-
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Complications occur
in 5-6 per cent of cases, most frequently in infants aged less than 6 months.
The chief complications of pertussis are bronchitis; bronchopneumonia.and
bronchiectasis.
DIAGNOSITC INVESTIGATIONS-
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Presence of sign
and symptoms indicates pertussis.
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For confirmation
nose or throat sab culture test is done.
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Complete Blood
count is also done
TREATMENT-
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Medical management
of pertussis includes use of antibiotics such as erythromycin, ampicillin,
septran or tetracycline. Erythromycinis the drug of choice in the treatment of
pertussis.
CONTROL AND PREVENTION-
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Immunization is the
most rational approach to pertussis control. It is available in combination as
DPT or pentavalent vaccine. It is included in national immunization schedule in
India.
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Health education
regarding routine immunization play an important role in preventing vaccine
preventable diseases including pertussis.
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Notification and
reporting of pertussis to authorities is another important measure to prevent spread of pertussis in
community.
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Isolation of the
patient till the period of infectivity is also a good preventive measure.
} During epidemics protection of health workers through chemoprophylaxis is also considered.
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