RUBELLA IN ENGLISH
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RUBELLA-
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Rubella an acute
viral disease with a diffuse punctate and maculo-papular rash. It is also known
as german measles. Rashes are accompanied by
low-grade fever and lymphadenopathy
CAUSATIVE AGENT-
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Rubella is caused
by Rubella virus of the togavirus family. The virus has been recovered from the
nasopharynx, throat, blood, CSF and urine of the patient.
HOW IT SPREADS-
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The only source of
infection is a case of rubella which may be clinical or subclinical
infection.
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Mode of
transmission is droplet spread and
direct contact with the patient
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS-
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50 to 65 percent of
Rubella cases are asymptomatic.
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Clinical features
includes-
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coryza,
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sore throat,
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low-grade fever
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enlargement of the
postauricular and posterior cervical lymph nodes appears as early as 7 days
before the appearance of the rash.
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Appearance of minute, discrete, pinkish papulo- macular
rash
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The rashes of
rubella spreads much faster and clears
more rapidly than the rash of measles. Normally rashes disappear by the third day.
COMPLICATIONS-
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In rare cases
arthralgia may occur in several joints in adults.
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Encephalitis may
also occur but it is rare.
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Thrombocytopenic
purpura has also been observed as a complication.
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congenital
malformations if it occur during pregnancy.
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS-
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Diagnosis of
rubella may be based on sign and symptoms but for subclinical cases throat sab
culture is needed to isolate the virus and confirm the diagnosis.
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ELISA tests are
also recommended.
TREATMENT-
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There is no
specific treatment for Rubella. Only symptomatic treatment is needed for sign
and symptoms. Rest is advised. Main
attention is give to prevent the spread to infection.
PREVENTION-
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Vaccination is the
best system to prevent rubella. Rubella vaccine is available as single vaccine
or in combination as MMR or MR.
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Health education
should encourage routine immunization
for children as MMR is included in national immunization schedule in India.
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Reporting and
notification of rubella to local health authority provides opportunity for better outbreak
control.
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Isolation of cases
for 7 days from onset of rashes.
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Special attention
is given to prevent exposure of pregnant non immunized women.
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