HOUSING AND HEALTH IN ENGLISH
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HOUSING-
} Housing is defined as "all
places in which a group of people reside and pursue their life goals. the size
of the settlement may vary from a single family to millions of people".
OBJECTIVES OF HOUSING-
} Shelter- The house should provide a
sanitary shelter. A house protects us from harsh weather and wild animals.
} Family life- The house should provide
a space to lead a family life such as preparation and storage of food, rearing
of children etc.
} Community life- The house should
provide accessibility to community services and facilities such as health
services, schools, shopping areas,
places of worship etc.
} Social interaction- Family is part of the wider community.
Community is important to family in many ways. it can offer help in times of
need; it is an important source of friends.
} Economical stability- The house also
provide economical stability. It is an investment of personal saving of the
family. It is a non-movable asset of the family. It gives a sense of economical
empowerment.
CHARACTERISITICS OF HOUSING-
} Following are basic criteria for
healthful housing of principals of housing-
} 1. Healthful housing provides
physical protection and shelter.
} 2. It provides adequate space for
cooking, eating, washing, and excretory functions.
} 3. It
is designed, constructed, maintained and used in such a manner as to
prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
} 4. It provides for protection from
hazards of exposure to noise and environmental pollutions.
} 5. It is free from unsafe physical
arrangements due to construction or maintenance, and from toxic or harmful
materials
} 6. It encourages personal and
community development promotes social relationships and promotes mental health.
STANDARDS OF
HOUSING
} Site-
} (a) The site should be elevated from
its surroundings to prevent flooding
during rains
} (b) the site should have an
independent access to a street of adequate width
} (c) it should be away from the
breeding places of mosquitoes and flies
} (d) it should be away from nuisances such as
dust, smoke, smell, excessive noise and heavy traffic
} (e) it should be in pleasing surroundings
preferably a green belt.
} Set back-
} There should be an open space all
round the house - this is called "set back“. It is necessary for proper
lighting and ventilation. In rural areas it is recommended that the built-up
area should not exceed one-third of the total area; in urban areas where land
is costly, the built-up area may be up to two-thirds.
} floor-
} (a) It should be impermeable so that
it can be easily washed and kept clean
and dry.
} (b) The floor must be smooth and free
from cracks and crevices to prevent the breeding of insects
} (c) The floors should be damp-proof.
} Walls
} (a) Walls should be reasonably
strong.
} (b) Walls should not absorb and
conduct the heat
} (c) Walls should be weather
resistant.
} (d) Walls should not have holes of
rats or snakes.
} (e) Walls should be smooth plastered
and colored.
} Roof
} The height of the roof should not be
less than 10 feet (3 m) for proper ventilation, in the absence of
air-conditioning for comfort. The roof should have a low heat conductivity.
} Rooms
} The number of living rooms should not
be less than two, at least one of which can be closed for security. The number
and area of rooms should be increased according to size of family, so that the
recommended floor space per person may be made available
} Floor area-
} The floor area of a living room
should be at least 120 sq.ft. (12 sq. m.) for occupancy by more than one person
and at least 100 sq.ft. (10 sq. m.) for occupancy by a single person. The floor
area available in living rooms per person should not be less than 50 sq.ft;
} Windows-
} every living room should be provided
with at least 2 windows, and at least one of them should open directly on to an
open space. the windows should be placed at a height of not more than 3 feet (1
m) above the ground in living rooms
} Kitchen-
} Every house must have a separate kitchen. The
kitchen must be protected against dust and smoke; adequately lighted; provided
with arrangements for storing food, fuel and provisions; provided with water
supply; provided with a sink for washing utensils and fitted with arrangements
for proper drainage.
} Other facilities-
} Every house must have a sanitary latrine, a separate
washing and bathing area. Garbage and refuse collection area, drinking water
facility, adequate lighting etc.
HOUSING AND HEALTH-
} House is a part of total environment
of human being and affects health and wellbeing. A strong relationship can be
established between poor housing and respiratory infections, skin infections,
home accidents etc.
} Overcrowding is a health problem in
human dwellings. It may promote the spread of respiratory infections such as
tuberculosis, influenza and diphtheria. High morbidity and mortality rates are
observed where housing conditions are substandard.
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