PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN ENGLISH

                                                

    PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN ENGLISH

               watch my youtube video to understand this topic in easy way-

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIl8zBQtA5Q

 

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COMMUNICAABLE DISEASES-

Ø  When we say prevention it refers to measures that are applied to prevent the occurrence of a disease.

Ø  When we say control it refers to measures that are applied to prevent transmission after the disease has occurred.

Ø Prevention and control of communicable diseases involves interventions which help to break the chain of infection. It involves steps at three levels,

Ø At the source/reservoir level,

Ø At mode of transmission level and,

Ø At susceptible host level

 

Ø At the source/reservoir level-

Ø The prevention and control measures at the source or reservoir level that we will undertake, depend on the type of reservoir. Preventive and contorl measures includes the following activities-

Ø Diagnosis and treatment- First of all, we should be able to diagnose and treat cases of the disease, or refer the patient for treatment at a higher health facility to reduce to time of exposre.

Ø Screening refers to the detection of an infection in an individual who does not show any signs or symptoms of the disease. It is carried out using specific tests called screening tests.

Ø Isolation Following detection of an infectious disease, we may need to separate patients from others to prevent transmission to healthy people. This is called isolation.

Ø Reporting- Cases of communicable diseases should be reported to a nearby health centre or Health Office periodically, using the national surveillance guidelines.

Ø Culling- when infected animals are the reservoir involved in the transmission of communicable diseases, different measures can be undertaken against them such as killing of Animal reservoirs .

 

Ø At mode of transmission level –

Ø The activities at this level depends upon mode of transmission of the particular disease. 

Ø if the mode of transmission is direct transmission than we need special measures to avoid direct transmission such as social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquettes, using mask, avoiding crowding places etc. 

Ø  In case of indirect transmission we need to tackle the vehicle for example water purifying, food and milk hygiene, vector controlling environmental hygiene etc.

Ø Special attention is paid during treatment of these patients to prevent transmission of infection  to health care provider and then to other patients. 

 

Ø At susceptible host level –

Ø The measures described below help to protect the susceptible host -

Ø Vaccination refers to administration of vaccines to increase the resistance of the susceptible host against specific vaccine-preventable infections. For example vaccination against covid 19 protect us against covid 19 infection or becoming seriously ill.

Ø Chemoprophylaxis refers to the drugs given to exposed and susceptible hosts to prevent them from developing an infection. For example, individuals from non-malarial areas who are going to a malaria endemic area can take a prophylactic drug to prevent them from developing the disease.

Ø Maintaining a healthy lifestyle- Proper nutrition, walking, proper rest and exercise avoiding smoking and drinking, improves a person’s health status, supports the effective functioning of their immune system, and increases resistance to infection.