LEVELS OF PREVENTION- ENGLISH

types of prevention or levels of prevention
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Prevention includes a wide range of activities — known as “interventions” aimed at reducing risks or threats to health. These can be applied for both communicable as well as non-communicable diseases. There are four levels/types of prevention these are primordial prevention, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention

1.     Primordial prevention – it is defined as prevention of development of risk factors. For example obesity and smoking is risk factor for development of heart diseases. Interventions to stop these risk factors are known as primordial prevention. It includes health education to children to discourage adopting harmful lifestyles which may lead to obesity and smoking. It may be achieved by individual or mass health education.

2. Primary prevention- Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur. Examples include - education about healthy and safe habits (e.g. social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene for communicable diseases and reduction of BP and cholesterol for non-communicable disease like heart disease ) another important intervention for primary prevention in vaccination for  a particular disease for example BCG for tuberculosis.it also includes health education for preventive measures for the disease.

3. Secondary prevention- secondary prevention can be defined as the interventions which control the progress of disease and prevent complications the main intervention includes early diagnosis by screening and testing as well as from treatment so that we can reduce the number of cases or career as early as possible and reduce the the transmission of disease we can restore the health by early treatment and it may also protect others in the community from getting infection from the source secondary prevention needs clinical medication for hospitalization and proper care during treatment. Secondary prevention is important it in controlling the transmission of disease but it is more expensive and less effective than provide primary prevention.

4.   Tertiary prevention - Tertiary prevention is defined as the interventions to reduce or limit disabilities minimize suffering caused by the disease and to promote patient’s adjustment in the society. the main interventions in tertiary prevention includes Health Promotion buy health education environmental modification nutritional interventions and lifestyle changes, Disability limitation and rehabilitation which includes medical rehabilitation vocational rehabilitation social rehabilitation and psychological rehabilitation and creation of support groups and self-help groups.
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