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BLS / CPR-
u Basic life support (BLS) is a level of
medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening illnesses or
injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital. It can be
provided by trained medical personnel, including emergency medical technicians,
paramedics, and by a first aider.
u Indications of BLS-
1.
Dead
cases, where no pulse and no breathing can be detected(<10 minutes)
2.
Drug
overdose
3.
Drowning
4.
Poisoning
5.
Shocks
KEEP
IN MIND : QUICK RESPONSE TIME
ACT FAST BECAUSE FIRST 10 MINUTES ARE
CRUCIAL…. EARLIER IS THE BETTER
BECAUSE
BRAIN DEATH CHANCES AFTER HEART STOPS
0-4 MIN………VERY LOW CHANCE
4-6 MIN……… LOW CHANCE
6-10 MIN…….. HIGH CHANCE
u ASSESSMENT OF COLLAPSED VICTIM
u Scene safety : Make sure the
environment is safe for rescuers and victim
u Shake and ask – “are you ok” “are you ok”
u No response
u Check carotid pulse and respiration
simultaneously to reduce time for first chest compression
u No response
NO ABC NOW SAY
CAB
u C=CIRCULATION/CARDIAC
COMPRESSION
u A=AIRWAY
OPENING
u B=BREATHING/MOUTH
TO MOUTH RESPIRATION
IF NO PULSE
NO RESPIRATION…..
u START LIFE
SAVING MEASUREMENT
u 1. CALL
FOR MEDICAL AID – DIAL 112 OR ASK SOMEONE TO CALL 112 AND EXPLAIN THE
SITUATION.
START
CARDIAC COMPRESSION
KEEP IN
MIND: our first aim is to provide oxygen
to the brain
u The single rescuer is to initiate
chest compressions before giving rescue breaths (C-A-B rather than A-B-C) to
reduce delay to first compression.
u NO 2 RESCUE BREATH BEFORE STARTING
CPR
u YOU SHOULD
BE AT LEVEL OF VICTIM
u (When
patient is on bed you should lower it so that your elbows be straight without
strain of feet. If not possible climb on bed and sit on knees.)
position of your hands during CPR
u PLACE BASE OF PALM OF RIGHT HAND ON
STERNAM BETWEEN NIPPLS WITH FINGERS STRECHED AND LEFT HAND ON IT WITH FINGERS
INTERLOCKING CLOSED
u USE
POWER OF YOUR SHOUDLERS AND BODY WEIGHT.
u DO NOT USE ELBOW MUSCLE POWER
u COMPRESSION SHOULD BE ATLEAST 2-2.4
INCHES OR 5-6 CENTIMETERS
u SPEED OF COMPRESSION SHOUD BE
100-120 PER MINUTE
u FOR CHILDREN USE ONE HAND
u FOR INFANT USE TWO FINGER OR THUMB
u NOW
- A
u AFTER TWO MINUTES OF CPR
>>> CHECK FOR AIRWAY
u HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT
METHOD>>>>> LESS EXTENDED IN CHILDREN AND INFANTS
u CLEAR THE AIRWAY
u NOW- B
u CHECK FOR BREATHING
u MOUTH TO MOUTH RESPIRATION
u MAINTAIN EXTENDED POSITION AT NECK
u >>> HOLD CHIN WITH LEFT
HAND AND RIGHT HAND ON FORHEAD
u >>> PINCH NOSE WITH RIGHT
HAND INHALE FULLY AND BLOW INTO CLIENT’S MOUTH
u >>> WATCH FOR CHEST RISE
AND FALL
u >>> IF NO CHEST RISE
u >>>> REPOSITION THE NECK
AND TRY AGAIN
u >>> IF YES PROVIDE SECOND
BREATH
u >>> CONTINUE CHEST
COMPRESSION
u MASK TO MOUTH RESPIRATION
u PREFER MASK TO MOUTH RESPIRATION IF
AVILABLE
u IF
STARTS BREETHING
u PROVIDE RECOVERY POSITION AND WAIT
FOR AMBULANCE
u WHEN
TO STOP CPR
u Once
you begin CPR, do not stop except in one of these situations:
u You
see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.
u An
AED is available and ready to use.
u Another
trained responder or EMS personnel take over.
u You
are too exhausted to continue.
u The
scene becomes unsafe.
u TRANSPORT
THE PATIENT TO THE HOSPITAL IN AMBULENCE
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