CHILD RIGHTS IN INDIA-ENGLISH
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CHILD RIGHTS IN INDIA
•
India,
in its bid to become an ethical labour market to international corporations in
1991, ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Children in 1992. Child rights go beyond just human rights, which exist to
ensure fair and proper treatment of people across the world, and promote their
well-being. Children, defined as any person under the age of 18, need more than
just human rights due to a set of unique needs stemming from their
vulnerabilities.
There
are various rights for children in India we will discuss them one by one-
•
1.
The Right to Survival: According to the conventionon the Rights of the Child on
1992, the Right to Survival includes the right to life, the attainable standard
of health, nutrition and an adequate standard of living. It also includes the
right to a name and nationality.
•
2.
The Right to Protection: According to the Convention, this right includes
freedom from all forms of exploitation, abuse and inhuman or degrading
treatment. This includes the right to special protection in situations of
emergency and armed conflict. The aim is simple, to protect vulnerable children
from those who would take advantage of them and to safeguard their minds and
bodies.
•
3.
The Right to be protected from armed conflict: Armed conflict converts innocent children
into refugees, prisoner, or participants in armed conflicts, and these are all
circumstances which contravene with the spirit of War or any armed struggle can
severely damage a child's morale as well as perceptions of ethics, and this
must be corrected in a nurturing safe environment.
•
4.
Right to freedom of expression: child shall have the right to freedom
of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek,
receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers,
either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other
media of the child's choice, with respect of the rights
or reputations of others.
•
5. Right to have an identity (birth
certificate): The Government must make sure that children are registered at
birth (he/she should have a birth certificate), and that the child has a name
and a nationality and that he/she knows who their parents are. Having birth registered is important because it
helps to exercise your other rights .
•
6.
Right to health- Every child have right to health, medical care, nutrition,
protection from harmful habits (including drugs) and safe working environments.
This right provide access to special care and support for children with special
needs, as well as quality health care (including drinking water, nutrition, and
a safe environment) respectively.
•
7.
Right to education- Right to free
primary education is critical for helping children develop discipline, life
skills while finding a safe and healthy environment to nurture a child's
physiological development. This also includes freedom from violence, abuse or
neglect. The Government must make sure you get a good quality education.
•
8.
Right to Nutrition- Not only children,
but every human being has right to nutrition. Inadequate nutrition early in
life can cause irreparable damage to the developing brain and body. But More
than 50% of India's children are malnourished. While one in every five
adolescent boys is malnourished, one in every two girls in India is
undernourished. A lot is to be done to protect this right of children
•
9.
Right to protection from Abuse: Protection from violence extends even to family
members, and children must not suffer ill-treatment or sexual or physical
violence. This includes use of violence as a means of discipline. All forms of
sexual exploitation and abuse are unacceptable.
•
10.
Right to be protected from exploitation-
protection from violence is critical for freeing children from
exploitation. This extends to abuse, negligence and violence by parents, even
if it is justified as an instrument of achieving discipline at home. Further,
children cannot be made to work in difficult or dangerous conditions. Children
can only volunteer to work doing safe chores that do not compromise their
health, or access to education or play. Sexual exploitation, another type of
exploitation, is also prohibited,
•
11.
Right to an opinion- All children
deserve the right to voice their opinions, free of criticism or contempt. In
situations where adults are actively deciding upon choices on behalf of
children, the latter are entitled to have their opinions taken into
consideration. While children's opinion may not be based on facts, it is
nonetheless an important source of insight for parents, and should be
considered
•
12.
The right to Development: Every child has the right to development that lets
the child explore her/his full potential. Unfavourable living conditions of
underprivileged children prevent them from growing in a free and uninhibited
way. Children must be given an opportunity to participate in and contribute to
development, so that they can help shape their own futures.
•
13.
The right to Recreation: Every child has a right to spend some time on
recreational activities like sports, entertainment and hobbies to explore and
develop. Majority of poor children in India do not get time to spend on recreational
activities. Programs should be developed to provide them some time for
recreation and play.
•
14.
The right to family life: if not family members, then children have the
right to be looked after by caretakers. Children must live with their parents until
it is harmful to them. Children who do not have access to a family life, have a
right to special care and must be looked after properly, by people who respect
their ethnic group, religion, culture and language. Refugee children have a
right to special protection and help.
PROMOTION
AND PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS-
•
Promotion
and protection of child rights is a combined responsibility of Government,
society, parents, teachers and family members. Governments are obelized to
recognize full spectrum of human rights for children and consider children in
legislative and policy decisions. Now a days Govt. of India and state
governments are listening seriously to children's view on important issues and
policy decisions.
•
Family
is the fundamental group of the society, which provides the natural environment
for the growth and wellbeing of it’s members specially children. This is the
primary responsibility of family to protect rights of children. Make them aware
about their rights and explain them how to report violation of rights.
•
Schools
also can contribute a lot for protection and promotion of child rights. School
teachers can sensitize students about child rights, ways to identify violations
and how to report. When children learn about rights the will become gentle
adults and will not violate rights of children. Seminars may be held to spread
awareness about child rights.
•
Non
governmental organizations, social welfare organizations and child welfare
organizations also play important role in promoting and protecting child
rights. There are many NGOs working for child welfare and protecting children
from child right violations, specially child labour and exploitation. Some NGOs
run welfare homes for children rescued from child labour.
•
International organizations such as UNICEF,
cooperates with governments and provide technical assistance to further
implementation of child right convention. Other organizations such as UN
refugee agency, WHO, UNESCO, etc. also help in promoting and protecting child
rigts.
•
Govt. of India established a statutory body
in march 2007 known as national commission for protection of child rights. The
National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) emphasizes the
principle of universality and inviolability of child rights and recognizes the
tone of urgency in all the child related policies of the country. For the
Commission, protection of all children in the 0 to 18 years age group is of
equal importance.
• The
Commission's focus is mainly on the
following tasks:
• The
first is to build public awareness and create a moral force in the country to
stand by children and protect their rights.
• The Commission's task is to look at the gaps
in the policy framework and the legal framework and make recommendations .
• Thirdly,
the task of the Commission is to take up specific complaints that come up
before it for redressal of grievances and also take up suo moto cases, summon
the violators of child rights.
• Laws
related to child right protection-
• Commissions
for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005
• The
child Act, 1960.
• The
Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006
• Dowry
Prohibition Act, 1961
• The
child labour prohibition Act 1986
• Medical
Termination of Pregnancy Act,1971
• Sexual
Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act,
2013
• Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
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