CHICKENPOX IN ENGLISH
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opq-xOV7vu0
CHICKEN POX-
u Chickenpox is highly infectious viral disease caused by vericella zoster
virus. It is also known as varicella disease.
CAUSATIVE AGENT-
u Chickenpox is caused by varicella zoster virus. It is also known as
human herpes virus 3.
SOURCE OF INFECTION-
u The source of
infectionis usally a case of chickenpox. The virus is present in
droplets from mouth and nose, mucosal surface and skin lesions.
HOW IT SPREADS-
u The mode of
transmission is droplet infection and direct conatct. The patient is able
spread infection 1-2 days before and 4-5 days after appearence of rash.
INCUBATION
PERIOD-
u The incubation
period of chicken pox is 14 to 16 days. But it may range from 7 to
21 days.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS-
u Based on sign and
symptoms clinically chicken pox have to stages-
u 1. Pre eruptive stage -
This stage is charactrised by fever, pain in back,
shivering and malaise. This stage lasts for -3
days
u 2. Eruptive stage- This stage is charactrised
by appearance of rashes. These rashes are symetrical
and starts appearing from trunk. Soon these rash spreads to
face, arms and legs. The rashes changes rapidly
from macule-papule-vesicle and scab.
u The scabbing begins
4-7 days after appearance of rashes. A charactristic feature of rash of chicken
pox is pleomorphism. Pleomorphisim means all stages of the rashes may be seen
at same time. Fever
is seen in this stage as well
COMPLICATION-
u Although
varicella is usually a benign childhood disease, and rarely rated as an
important public health problem but sometimes complications may occur and
varicella zoster virus may induce pneumonia or encephalitis, sometimes with
persistent sequelae or death.
u Secondary
bacterial infections of the vesicles may leave disfiguring scars or result in
necrotizing fasciitis or septicaemia. Maternal varicella during pregnancy may
cause abortion and birth defects such as cutaneous scars, atrophied limbs,
microcephaly and low birth weight etc.
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS-
u Laboratory
diagnosis is rarely required as clinical signs are usually clear-cut.
Laboratory confirmation of varicella zoster (HZ) is done by detecting virus
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or isolating VZV in cell culture from
vesicular fluid, crusts, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid or other specimens.
TREATMENT-
u Several
antiviral compounds provide effective therapy for varicella including
acyclovir, valaciclovir, famiciclovir and foscarnet. Acyclovir can prevent the
development of systemic disease. Main attention is give to prevent the spread
to infection.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL-
u The
best control measures for chicken pox are notifications and isolation of cases
for about 6 days after onset of rash and disinfection of articles soiled by
nose and throat discharges
u Varicella-Zoster
Immunoglobulin (VZIG) given within 72 hours of exposure has been
recommended for prevention of chickenpox in exposed susceptible individuals
particularly in immunosuppressed persons.
u A
live attenuated varicella virus vaccine is also available for prevention. It is
not included in routine immunization in India till date but can be vaccinated
at any private child care center.
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