EPI-UIP IN ENGLISH
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UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM -
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The WHO officially launched a global immunization programme to protect
all children of the world against six vaccine-preventable diseases,
(diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio,tuberculosis and measles in May
1974. it was known as Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). In India
EPI was started in 1978.
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In October 1985, the programme was modified as ‘Universal Immunization
Programme’ (UIP) by WHO, sponsered by UNICEF globally.
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India launched UIP in November 1985.
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In India it was to be implemented in phased manner to cover all districts
in the country by the year 1990 .
OBJECTIVES OF UIP-
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The main objective of universal program on immunization is to prevent
children from vaccine preventable diseases by 100 percent coverage .
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Other objectives includes reduction in maternal and children morbidly and
mortality rates.
ACTIVITIES UNDER UIP-
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Activities under this program are directed towards achieving an
acceptable, affordable and sustainable standard of health through an
appropriate health system.
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Provision of universal immunization of children against vaccine
preventable diseases is one of the major activities under this program.
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Maintenance of cold chain is very important component of this program.
Cold Chain is a system of storing and transporting vaccine at the recommended
temperature range (2-8 degree centigrade for most of the vaccines) from the
point of manufacture to point of use. India has built a vast cold chain
infrastructure to ensure that only potent and effective vaccines reach millions
of beneficiaries across the country under UIP.
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Another important activity of this program is safe injection practice. To
ensure safe injection practices, Government of India recomends to ensure
continuous supply of injection safety equipments such as AD syringes,
reconstitution syringes, hub cutters and waste disposal bags etc.
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Next activity is AEFI surveillance- AEFI surveillance monitors
immunization safety, detects and responds to adverse events following
immunization; corrects unsafe immunization practices, reduces the negative
impact of the event on health and contributes to the quality of immunization
activities.
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Staff training is also an important aspect of UIP. Trainings are
conducted for vaccinators to use safe injection practices as on job training.
Training of cold chain handlers is also an important activity under this
program. On the job training for biomedical waste management is also provided
to the staff from time to time.
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Strategic
Communication- it refers to
policy-making and guidance for consistent information activity through coherent
messaging. The issue of media advocacy, proactive planning and effective media
response is emerging as one of the key elements of strategic communication
support to achieving full routine Immunization coverage in the country.
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