CANDIDIASIS IN ENGLISH

                                                

                                          CANDIDIASIS IN ENGLISH

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CANDIDIASIS-

Ø  Candidiasis or candidiosis is a mycosis (fungal infection ) usually confined to the superficial layers of skin or mucous membranes and mainly presenting clinically as oral thrush.

CAUSATIVE AGENT-

Ø  Candidiasis is caused mainly by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis and occasionally other species of Candida fungus.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION-

Ø  Main mode of transmission Direct or indirect Contact with secretions or excretions of mouth, skin, vagina and feces of  patients or carriers .

Ø  It may also transmit from mother to neonate during childbirth.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS-

Ø  Candidiasis mainly affects mucosa of oral cavity and the condition is known as oral thrush. There is white or yellow patches  on  inner cheeks, tongue, tonsils, gums, or lips and slight bleeding if the patches are scraped

Ø  Other symptoms of oral candidiasis may include –

Ø   soreness or burning in mouth

Ø  a cotton-like sensation in mouth

Ø  dry, cracked skin at the corners of mouth

Ø  difficulty swallowing

Ø  a bad taste in mouth or a loss of taste

Ø  Candidiasis may affect other organs and lead to conditions such as - vulvovaginitis, paronychia or onychomycosis.

Ø  Ulcers or pseudomembranes may form in the oesophagus, stomach or intestine.

Ø  CNS, kidneys, spleen, endocardium, liver, eyes, meninges, respiratory and urinary may also be affected in severe cases.

DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS-

Ø  Physical examination and presence of oral thrush.

Ø  Laboratory confirmation is done through demonstration of the causative organism in biopsy of white patch. 

TREATMENT-

Ø  The standard treatment for candidiasis is use of antifungal medications such as fluconazole oral tablets, antifungal mouthwash such as nystatin mouthwash, etc.

Ø  Amphotracin B may be used for severe cases of candidiasis.

PREVENTION-

Ø  Early detection and local treatment of any infection in the mouth, oesophagus or urinary bladder of those with predisposing  factors is very important step to prevent spread of candidiasis infection.

Ø  Fluconazole chemoprophylaxis decreases the incidence of candidiasis for candidates with low immunity such as persons having  bone marrow transplantation. 

Ø  Antifungal chemoprophylaxis with fluconazole have been found to be effective in preventing oral candidiasis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Ø  Concurrent and terminal disinfection of secretions and contaminated articles is effective in prevention of candidiasis.

Ø  Outbreaks are most frequently due to contaminated intravenous solutions and thrush in nurseries for newborns, So it is necessary to check presence of fungal infections in iv fluid bottles before administering. Concurrent disinfection and terminal cleaning is also used for prevention of epidemic candidiasis in hospital nurseries