VITAMIN B IN ENGLISH
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VITAMIN B
Ø Vitamins are organic compounds and categorized as essential nutrients. They are required by the body in very small amounts, that’s why they fall in the category of micronutrients. Vitamins are also known as protective foods.
Ø Vitamin B is a group of vitamins known as vitamin B complex. These 8 vitamins are-
Ø B-1 (thiamine) B-2 (riboflavin)
Ø B-3 (niacin) B-5 (pantothenic acid)
Ø B-6 (pyridoxine) B-7 (biotin)
Ø B-9 (folic acid) B-12 (cobalamin)
Ø B1 (thiamine)- Vitamin B1 is also known as thiamine. Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin. It is essential for the utilization of carbohydrates in our body. It prevent sepsis formation. It is also helpful in diabeties, kidney and circulation problems. Getting enough thiamine can help improve concentration and memory. Because of its positive effect on attitude and brain function.
Ø Source of Vitamin B1- Thiamine is present in whole grain cereals, wheat, gram, yeast, pulses, oilseeds and nuts, especially groundnut.
Ø Meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits contain smaller amounts.
Ø Milk is an important source of thiamine for infants, provided the thiamine status of their mothers is satisfactory.
Ø Vitamin B1 deficiency- A lack of vitamin B1 results in beriberi and Wernick's encephalopathy.
Ø Sign and symptoms of beriberi includes loss of appetite, muscle weakness, and a pricking feeling in the toes and burning in the feet, Fast heartbeat, low blood pressure (hypotension), and fluid retention
Ø Sign and symptoms of wernick’s encephalopathy includes paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles (ophthalmoplegia), lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements, such as walking or picking up objects, (ataxia) polyneuritis and mental deterioration. Vitamin b 1 deficiency can be prevented by eating food items rich in thiamine
Ø B-2 (riboflavin)-Vitamin B2 is also known as Riboflavin. It is a water-soluble vitamin. It is essential for cellular oxidation. It plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of skin and mucus membrane. Riboflavin also help in energy metabolism, cell respiration, antibody production, growth and development and maintenance of healthy skin, hair and nails.
Ø Source of Vitamin B2- Riboflavin is present in milk, cheese, eggs, green leafy vegetables, liver, kidneys, meats, cereals pulses, mushrooms and almonds. Germination increases the riboflavin content of pulses and cereals.
Ø Vitamin B2 deficiency- A lack of vitamin B2 results in angular stomatitis, painful cracks in the corners of the mouth and on the lips, scaly patches on the head, and a magenta mouth and tongue. Impaired neuromotor function, impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to cataract
Ø B-3 (niacin)-Vitamin B3 is also known as Niacin or nicotinic acid. It is a water-soluble vitamin. Niacin or nicotinic acid is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein. It is also essential for the normal functioning of the skin, intestinal and nervous systems.
Ø Source of Vitamin B3- Foods rich in niacin are liver, kidney meat, poultry, fish, legumes and groundnut. Milk is a poor source of niacin but its proteins are rich in precursor tryptophan which is converted in the body into niacin (about 60 mg of tryptophan is required to prepare 1 mg of niacin).
Ø Vitamin B3 deficiency- A lack of vitamin B3 results in pellagra. Pellagra is characterized mainly by diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia. The dermatitis is bilaterally symmetrical and is found only on those surfaces of the body exposed to sunlight, such as back of the hands, lower legs, face and neck. Glossitis and stomatitis may also occur.
Ø B-5 (pantothenic acid)-Vitamin B5 is also known as Pantothenic acid. It is a water-soluble vitamin. pantothenic acid is essential to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA) which is used for fatty acid metabolism.
Ø Source- Pantothenic acid is found in almost all foods such as milk and milk products, eggs,Potatoes, tomato, oat-cereals, sunflower seeds, avocado and mushrooms .
Ø Vitamin B5 deficiency- In vitamin B5 deficiency there is impaired energy production, due to low CoA levels, which could cause symptoms of irritability, fatigue, and apathy. Acetylcholine synthesis is also impaired therefore, neurological symptoms can appear such as numbness in hands and feet, paresthesia and muscle cramps.
Ø B-6 (pyridoxine)-Vitamin B6 exists in three forms- pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. It plays an important role in the metabolism of amino-acids, fats and carbohydrate.
Ø Source- Pyridoxine is present in milk, liver, meat, egg yolk, fish, whole grain cereals, legumes and vegetables.
Ø Vitamin B6 deficiency- A lack of vitamin B6 results in seborrheic dermatitis in which the rash can appear on scalp, face, neck and upper chest . Vitamin b6 deficiency can cause neuropathy an symptoms may include burning, shooting and tingling pain in arms, legs, hands and feet. Severe deficiency of vitamin B6 may lead to seizures.
Ø B-7 (biotin)-Vitamin B7 is also known as biotin. It is a water-soluble vitamin. It helps the body to metabolize fats, carbohydrates, and protein. Biotin may improve the strength and durability of fingernails and enhance hair and skin health.
Ø Source- source of biotin include red meat, eggs, seeds, and nuts.
Ø Vitamin B7 deficiency- Biotin deficiency is rare in humans, because biotin is widely available in foods, and the “good” intestinal bacteria can normally synthesize more biotin than the body needs. Still if deficiency occur it may results in hair loss, or alopecia a scaly, red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, and genitals, depression, lethargy and hallucinations
Ø B-9 (folic acid)-Vitamin B9 is also known as Folic acid or folate. It is a water-soluble vitamin. It is used in the synthesis of the nucleic acids which constitute the chromosomes of the cell. It is also needed for the normal development of blood cells in the bone marrow.
Ø Source- folic acid is found in liver, meat, dairy products, eggs, milk, fruits, cereals and leafy vegetables.
Ø Vitamin B9 deficiency- Folic acid deficiency results in megaloblastic anaemia, glossitis, cheilosis and gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea, distension and flatulence.
Ø Severe folate deficiency may cause infertility or even sterility. Folic acid deficiency in pregnancy may result in congenital malformation ( spina bifida)
Ø B-12 (cobalamin)-Vitamin B12 is also known as cobalamin or cyano-cobalamin. It is needed for nerve tissue health, brain functions, and the production of red blood cells.
Ø Source- Vitamin B12 is present in meat, eggs, fish, especially haddock and tuna, dairy products, such as milk, cheese and yogurt
Ø Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with
Ø Hematological disorders- megaloblastic anaemia or pernicious anaemia
Neurological disorders- demyelinating neurological lesions in the spinal cord results in numbness and tingling in the hands and feet. Some people may have difficulty maintaining balance.
