Nursing NotesMy Student Support SystemFirst
aid in bleeding-
Haemorrhage-
Bleeding is defined as escape of blood from blood vessels. Sometimes bleeding
may lead to life threatening situation if not controlled in time so first aid
in bleeding is very important
Causes of
haemorrhage-
Traumatic
bleeding
An injury can cause traumatic bleeding. Traumatic
injuries vary in their severity.
Common types of traumatic injury include:
Abraisions
contusions
lacerations
puncture wounds from items like needles, nails, or knives
crushing injuries
gunshot wounds
Medical
conditions
There are also some medical conditions that can cause
bleeding. Bleeding due to a medical condition is less common than traumatic
bleeding.
Conditions that can cause bleeding include:
Hemophilia
Leukemia
Liver diseases
Thrombocytopenia
Vitamin k deficiency
Medicines
Some medicines can increase chances of bleeding, or even
cause bleeding.
Medications that may be responsible for bleeding include
Anticoagulants such as
aspirin
clopidogrel
dipyridamole
ticlopidine
warfarin
enoxaparin
heparin
TYPES
(CLASSIFICATION) OF HAEMORRHAGE
There are various
classifications of bleedings
Ø Based on surface of bleeding. - Based on surface of bleeding it is classified as
- 1.
Internal bleeing- When the bleeding is from within the body cavity than it
is know as internal bleeding. It can not be seen immediately but later
blood may be seen coming out of mouth nose or in stool or in urine.
- 2.
External bleeding- When the bleeding is from outer surface of the body and
is seen immediately than it is known as external bleeding.
Ø Based on involvement of blood vessels.- Based on involvement of blood vessels it is
classified as
- 1. Arterial bleeding- When the bleeding is
from artery. There is fast blood loss in this type of bleeding.
- 2. Venous bleeding- When the bleeding is
from veins. In this type blood comes out slowly but continuously.
- 3.
Capillary bleeding- When the bleeding is from capillaries. In this type
blood comes out very slowly and amount of blood loss is very less.
Ø Based on amount of blood loss.- Based on amount of blood loss bleeding is classified as-Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4 TO UNDERSTAND THIS CLASSIFICATION WATCH THIS VIDEO click here to WATCH VIDEO
Sign and symptoms of bleeding-
- External continuous bleeding
- Shallow breathing
- Dizziness
- Confusion
- Sweating
- Loss of consciousness
- Low blood pressure
- Rapid heart rate
- Weak pulse
- Excessive thirst
First aid in bleeding-
1.
Don’t remove any clothing or debris on the
wound. Don't remove large or deeply embedded objects. Don't probe
the wound or attempt to clean it yet. Your first job is to stop the bleeding.
Wear disposable protective gloves if available.
2.
Stop the bleeding. Place
a sterile bandage or clean cloth on the wound. Press the bandage firmly with
your palm to control bleeding. Apply constant pressure until the bleeding
stops. Maintain pressure by binding the wound with a thick bandage or a piece
of clean cloth. Don't put direct pressure on an eye injury or embedded
object.Secure the bandage with adhesive tape or continue to maintain pressure
with your hands. If possible, raise an injured limb above the level of the
heart.
3.
Help the injured person lie down. If
possible, place the person on a rug or blanket to prevent loss of body heat.
Calmly reassure the injured person.
4.
Don't remove the gauze or bandage. If
the bleeding seeps through the gauze or other cloth on the wound, add another
bandage on top of it. And keep pressing firmly on the area.
5.
Tourniquets: A tourniquet is
effective in controlling life-threatening bleeding from a limb. Apply a
tourniquet if you're trained in how to do so. When emergency help arrives,
explain how long the tourniquet has been in place.
6.
Immobilize the injured body part as much as
possible. Leave the bandages in place and get the injured person to
an emergency room as soon as possible.
7.
Applying pressure : controlling
bleeding can be achieved by applying direct or indirect pressure. Direct
pressure is applied directly on wound for mild bleeding. Indirect pressure is
applied on pressures points above the bleeding part.
8.
If bleeding is not stopped it may lead to shock which is a life
threatening situation so arrange for transporting the patient to hospital or
call for assistance –
9.
CALL 112 FOR MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.
Nursing NotesMy Student Support System
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