STRAIN AND SPRAIN IN ENGLISH
watch my youtube video to understand this topic in easy way-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSvu5l1YmfE
STRAIN AND SPRAIN-
INTRODUCTION-
Ø Before
studying about strains and sprains we should know about muscle, tendon and
ligaments because Sprain and strain are disorders of tissues around a joint
such as muscle, tendon and ligaments .
Ø Muscle-
Muscle tissue is an contractile
tissue and helps in movement of our body or internal organs as well.
Ø Tendon–
A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that
connects muscle to bone .
Ø Ligament–
A ligament is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that
connects bone to bone .
STRAIN-
A strain is an excessive stretching of a muscle,
its fascial sheath, or a tendon. It is also known as “pulled muscle or tendon”.
Most strains occur in the large muscle groups, including the lower back, calf,
and hamstrings. There are three types of strains-
First degree strain, Second degree strain and third
degree strain.
FIRST DEGREE STRAIN-
A first-degree strain is mild stretching
of the muscle or tendon. Signs and symptoms may include minor edema,
tenderness, and mild muscle spasm, without noticeable loss of function.
ecchymosis may or may not be present.
SECOND DEGREE STRAIN
A second-degree strain involves partial
tearing of the muscle or tendon. Signs and symptoms include loss of function
and load-bearing strength with accompanying edema, tenderness, muscle spasm,
and ecchymosis.
THIRD DEGREEE
STRAIN
A third-degree strain is severe muscle
or tendon stretching with rupturing and tearing of the involved tissue. Signs
and symptoms include significant pain, muscle spasm, ecchymosis, edema, and
loss of function
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS
History taking and Physical
examination
(
presence of sign and symptoms of strains )
X-ray examination to rule out bone
injury.
MRI should be done to differentiate soft
tissue injury such as muscle and tendon.
SPRAIN-
Ø A sprain
is an injury (stretching or tearing) to the ligaments and tendons that
surround a joint. It is caused by a twisting motion or hyperextension
(forcible) of a joint. There are three types of sprains-
Ø First
degree sprain, Second degree sprain and third degree sprain.
FIRST DEGREE SPRAIN-
A first-degree sprain is caused by
stretching the ligament fibers, resulting in minimum damage. Clinical
manifestations of first-degree sprain are mild edema, local tenderness, and
pain on movement of the joint.
SECOND DEGREE STRAIN
A second-degree sprain involves partial
tearing of the ligament. Clinical manifestations of second-degree sprain
are increased edema, tenderness, pain
during motion, joint instability, and partial loss of normal joint function.
THIRD DEGREEE
STRAIN
A third-degree sprain occurs when a
ligament is completely torn or ruptured. Clinical manifestations of
third-degree sprain are severe pain,
tenderness, increased edema, and abnormal joint motion. It may be associated
with bone avulsion.
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS
History taking and Physical
examination
(
presence of sign and symptoms of strains )
X-ray examination to rule out bone
injury.
MRI should be done to differentiate soft
tissue injury such as muscle and tendon.
MANAGEMENT-
Ø Management
of strains and sprains include RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) as they
may decrease local inflammation and pain for most musculoskeletal injuries.
Ø Rest-
Movement should be restricted and the extremity rested as soon as pain is felt.
Ø Ice-
The cold induces physiologic changes in soft tissue, and reduce pain, muscle
spasms, inflammation, and edema
Ø Compression-
an elastic compression bandage controls bleeding, reduces edema, and provides
support for the injured tissues.
Ø Elevation-
Elevation helps to control the swelling.
Ø Pain
medications are give to relieve pain.
Ø If
the sprain or strain is of third degree, surgical repair may be required.
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