VITAMIN D IN ENGLISH

                                                   

                                             VITAMIN D IN ENGLISH

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VITAMIN D

Ø  Vitamins are organic compounds and  categorized as essential nutrients. They are required by the body in very small amounts, that’s why hey fall in the category of micronutrients. Vitamins do not yield energy but enable the body to use other nutrients. Vitamins are also known as protective foods.

Ø  Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin. In Human being it is found in two forms-

Ø  Calciferol (Vitamin D2 ) and

Ø  Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3).

FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN D-

Ø  Vitamin D Promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Ø  It Stimulates normal mineralization, enhances bone reabsorption and ·affects collagen maturation.

Ø  In other words we can say that Vitamin D is very important for strong bones. 

Ø  Vitamin D also acts as a hormone in our body and Increases tubular reabsorption of phosphate, Variable effect on reabsorption of calcium from kidney.

Ø  Vitamin D has positive impact on reducing the risk of several chronic diseases, including certain cancers and cardiovascular disease

SOURCES OF VITAMIN D-

Ø  Vitamin D occurs only in foods of animal origin. Liver, egg yolk, butter and cheese, and some species of fish contain useful amounts

Ø  Vitamin D is synthesized by the action of UV rays of sunlight on 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is stored in the skin. So vitamin D is also known as sunshine vitamin

DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN D-

Ø  Deficiency of vitamin D results in three types of bone related disorders in human beings. These are-

Ø  Rickets

Ø  Osteomalacia

Ø  Osteoporosis

Ø  Rickets-In children vitamin D deficiency results in Rickets specially in young children between the age of six months and two years.

Ø  The disease is characterized by growth failure, bone deformity, muscular hypotonia, tetany and convulsions due to hypocalcaemia.

Ø  The bony deformities include curved legs, deformed pelvis, pigeon chest, Harrison's sulcus, rickety rosary, kyphoscoliosis, etc.

Ø  The milestones of development such as walking and teething are delayed.

Ø  Osteomalacia- In adults, vitamin D deficiency may result in osteomalacia. Osteomalacia is characterized by marked softening of bones. The softened bones of children and young adults with osteomalacia can lead to bowing during growth, especially in weight-bearing bones of the legs. Osteomalacia in older adults can lead to fractures.

Ø  Osteoporosis-  Chronic vitamin D deficiency may result in osteoporosis specially in advance age. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common cause of fractures in aged people.

PREVENTION OF VITAMIN D DEFIFIENCY-

            Vitamin D deficiency can be prevented by

            (a) educating parents to expose their children regularly to sunshine;

            (b) periodic supplementation (prophylaxis) of young children with vitamin D; and

            (c) vitamin D fortification of foods, especially milk.