TYPES AND STEPS OF SUPERVISION IN ENGLISH

                                                     

                   TYPES AND STEPS OF SUPERVISION IN ENGLISH

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Types of supervision-

Ø Supervision is of two types

1.    Direct supervision

2.    Indirect supervision

Direct supervision-

This is done through face to face talk with the workers. This can be exercised at the ward level in the hospital, PHC, Sub center and in the community setting. 

Ø The following considerations are essential in direct supervision:

•        Do not loose temper or abuse.

•        Use democratic approach and avoid autocratic methods.

•        Reprimand if necessary in private and do it promptly.

•        Give workers a chance to reply

•        Do not talk too much and too fast.

•        Be human in behavior.

•        Do not take it granted that the worker has understood everything told to him.

•        Do not give instructions in a haphazard way.

Indirect supervision-

•        It is done with the help of records and reports of the workers and through written instructions or through some agency between the worker and the supervisor. 

•        The examples of indirect supervision in ward setting will include- patient record and reports, case sheets, general order book, round book, medicine ledger books, call books, procedure manuals, and nurses’ notes, nursing care plans and other records and reports pertaining to the institution.

•        The examples of community health setting include- tour diary schedule for each worker, work diary, performance reports, MCH Cards, Eligible couple register, monthly reports and other records and reports pertaining to the health center.

•        Indirect supervision involves-

•        Ensuring that every worker is carrying out allotted work in accordance with the plan of operation and with prescribed methodology and in keeping pace with the time as for as possible.

•        Analyzing the monthly progress reports to know the inputs of efforts and the achievements of the worker and their relations with each other.

•        Analyzing what amount of work allotted for the month has been done with reasons for non-performance and providing suitable guidance for the same.

Steps of supervision-

•        Steps to be followed during supervision are as given below:-

1.    Definition of the job to be done.

2.    Selection and organization of supervisor’s activities.

3.    Anticipation of difficulties.

4.    Establishment of criteria for evaluation.

Definition of the job to be done.

 It refers to that the supervisor should know his/her position clearly whether he/she is in line or staff position. The line position is of administrative nature and the staff position is advisory and consultative. 

The definition of job requires  understanding of the general and specific objectives of the job. The supervisor should also be aware of problems and needs of the community as well as qualifications, qualities and problems of the personals.

Selection and organization of supervisor’s activities: -

It refers to the activities chosen should be compatible with the objectives of the supervision and should be based on the available facilities, personnel relating to service and also should be based on the expected outcome by the agency and the community.

Anticipation of difficulties -

It means anticipating difficulties according to the type of job, i.e., service problems, administrative difficulties, personal factor (for example, resources availbility, poor relations, emergency task, etc.) and other related problems.

Establishment of criteria for evaluation: -

Evaluation refers to determining as to what extent the programme has met goals or objectives according to the plan. This can be done by objective measurement, subjective comparison of service indices and opinion or judgment of the staff, supervisor and others.