TYPES AND STEPS OF SUPERVISION IN ENGLISH
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Types of supervision-
Ø Supervision
is
of two types
1. Direct
supervision
2. Indirect
supervision
Direct supervision-
This
is done through face to face talk with the workers. This can be exercised at
the ward level in the hospital, PHC, Sub center and in the community
setting.
Ø The
following considerations are essential in direct supervision:
•
Do not loose temper or abuse.
•
Use democratic approach and avoid autocratic
methods.
•
Reprimand if necessary in private and do it
promptly.
•
Give workers a chance to reply
•
Do not talk too much and too fast.
•
Be human in behavior.
•
Do not take it granted that the worker has
understood everything told to him.
•
Do not give instructions in a haphazard way.
Indirect supervision-
•
It is done with the help of records and
reports of the workers and through written instructions or through some agency
between the worker and the supervisor.
•
The examples of indirect supervision in ward
setting will include- patient record and reports, case sheets, general order
book, round book, medicine ledger books, call books, procedure manuals, and
nurses’ notes, nursing care plans and other records and reports pertaining to
the institution.
•
The examples of community health setting
include- tour diary schedule for each worker, work diary, performance reports,
MCH Cards, Eligible couple register, monthly reports and other records and
reports pertaining to the health center.
•
Indirect supervision involves-
•
Ensuring that every worker is carrying out
allotted work in accordance with the plan of operation and with prescribed
methodology and in keeping pace with the time as for as possible.
•
Analyzing the monthly progress reports to
know the inputs of efforts and the achievements of the worker and their
relations with each other.
•
Analyzing what amount of work allotted for
the month has been done with reasons for non-performance and providing suitable
guidance for the same.
Steps of supervision-
•
Steps to be followed during supervision are
as given below:-
1. Definition
of the job to be done.
2. Selection
and organization of supervisor’s activities.
3. Anticipation
of difficulties.
4. Establishment
of criteria for evaluation.
Definition
of the job to be done.
It refers to that the supervisor should know
his/her position clearly whether he/she is in line or staff position. The line
position is of administrative nature and the staff position is advisory and
consultative.
The
definition of job requires understanding
of the general and specific objectives of the job. The supervisor should also
be aware of problems and needs of the community as well as qualifications,
qualities and problems of the personals.
Selection
and organization of supervisor’s activities: -
It
refers to the activities chosen should be compatible with the objectives of the
supervision and should be based on the available facilities, personnel relating
to service and also should be based on the expected outcome by the agency and
the community.
Anticipation
of difficulties -
It
means anticipating difficulties according to the type of job, i.e., service
problems, administrative difficulties, personal factor (for example, resources
availbility, poor relations, emergency task, etc.) and other related problems.
Establishment
of criteria for evaluation: -
Evaluation
refers to determining as to what extent the programme has met goals or
objectives according to the plan. This can be done by objective measurement,
subjective comparison of service indices and opinion or judgment of the staff,
supervisor and others.
